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Actio. of prostaglandins12/1/2023 ![]() The name prostaglandin derives from the prostate gland, chosen when prostaglandin was first isolated from seminal fluid in 1935 by the Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler, and independently by the Irish-English physiologist Maurice Walter Goldblatt (1895–1967). They noted the curious finding that uteri from patients who had gone through successful pregnancies responded to the fluid with relaxation, while uteri from sterile women responded with contraction upon addition of this seminal fluid. Systematic studies of prostaglandins began in 1930, when Kurzrock and Lieb found that human seminal fluid caused either stimulation or relaxation of strips of isolated human uterus. For example, prostaglandin E1 is abbreviated PGE 1, and prostaglandin I2 is abbreviated PGI 2. Specific prostaglandins are named with a letter (which indicates the type of ring structure) followed by a number (which indicates the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon structure). Their name comes from their role in clot formation ( thrombosis). Conversely, thromboxanes (produced by platelet cells) are vasoconstrictors and facilitate platelet aggregation. They are synthesized in the walls of blood vessels and serve the physiological function of preventing needless clot formation, as well as regulating the contraction of smooth muscle tissue. Through their role in vasodilation, prostaglandins are also involved in inflammation. Prostaglandins are powerful, locally-acting vasodilators and inhibit the aggregation of blood platelets. Prostaglandins differ from endocrine hormones in that they are not produced at a specific site but in many places throughout the human body. They act as autocrine or paracrine factors with their target cells present in the immediate vicinity of the site of their secretion. The ability of the same prostaglandin to stimulate a reaction in one tissue and inhibit the same reaction in another tissue is determined by the type of receptor to which the prostaglandin binds. A given prostaglandin may have different and even opposite effects in different tissues in some cases. The structural differences between prostaglandins account for their different biological activities. They are a subclass of eicosanoids and of the prostanoid class of fatty acid derivatives. Every prostaglandin contains 20 carbon atoms, including a 5-carbon ring. They are derived enzymatically from the fatty acid arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins have been found in almost every tissue in humans and other animals. Prostaglandins ( PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds called eicosanoids having diverse hormone-like effects in animals. Group of physiologically active lipid compounds E 1 - Alprostadil I 2 - Prostacyclin
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